Domestic violence patterns in postpartum women who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To longitudinally assess domestic violence (DV) during the postpartum period, identifying types, patterns and determinants of DV, according to mothers' reports in Fortaleza, Brazil. METHODS: Data from the Iracema-COVID cohort study interviewed at home mothers who gave birth in the first wave of COVID-19, at 18 and 24 months after birth. Patterns of reported DV were classified as follows: no DV, interrupted DV, started DV and persistent DV. Adjusted multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with persistent DV. RESULTS: DV was reported by 19 and 24% of the mothers at 18 and 24 months postpartum, respectively, a 5 percentage points increase. Persistent DV was present in 11% of the households in the period. The most frequent forms of DV were verbal aggression, reported by 17-20% of the mothers at 18 and 24 months, respectively; drunkenness or use of drugs at home, present in 3-5% of the households; physical aggression, reported by 1.2-1.6% of the mothers. Households with two or more forms of DV increased from 2 to 12% in the period. Adjusted factors associated with persistent DV were maternal common mental disorder, family headed by the mother and head of family's poor schooling. Food insecurity was associated with starting DV. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of DV was considerably high in the postpartum period. DV prevention policies should rely on improving care to women's mental health; preventing food insecurity; and fostering the educational level of young people of both sexes.

Does the use of universal adhesive systems improve the durability of the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel?

Background: Universal adhesive systems used for restorative clinical procedures are like orthodontics and may be a viable option. This study evaluated the effectiveness of universal adhesive systems in enhancing the durability of the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic brackets to enamel. Material and Methods: 100 bovine incisors were divided into five groups (n=20), according to the applied adhesive systems: Primer Transbond XT; Ambar; Ambar Universal; Single Bond Universal; Adper Single Bond 2. Bracket from each tooth were submitted to SBS test after 24 hours, and 12 months later. The amount of remaining adhesive was evaluated through ARI. Results: After 24 hours, there was no difference in BS between the control and the other groups (p>0.05). However, there were difference between TOTALETCHING1 group and the Ambar Universal (p=0.015) and Single Bond Universal groups (p=0.011). After 12 months, Primer Transbond XT, Ambar, Ambar Universal and Adper Single Bond 2 showed no differences in the SBS (p>0.05). Nonetheless, Single Bond Universal presented superior result when compared to Primer Transbond XT (p=0.046) and Ambar (p=0.011) groups. The SBS of all groups reduced significantly after 12 months (p<0.05). There was no difference between ARI scores in each individually assessed group (p>0.05), for both periods. Following 24 hours, a difference was observed between the groups (p=0.043), fact that didn't occur after 12 months (p=0.109). Conclusions: Adhesive systems, such as Ambar Universal and Single Bond Universal are efficient in bonding orthodontic brackets to enamel when associated with Transbond XT adhesive paste. Key words:Bond strength; Primer Transbond XT, orthodontic brackets, adhesive systems.

Community health workers perspective on the COVID-19 impact on primary health care in Northeastern Brazil.

This article evaluates the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on the Family Health Strategy (FHS) team's work routines across a range of northeast Brazilian cities as perceived by community health workers (CHW). Data on COVID-19, CHW activities, and FHS teams were collected in 2021 by a structured questionnaire. A total of 1,935 CHWs from four state capitals (Fortaleza - Ceará State, João Pessoa - Paraíba State, Recife - Pernambuco State, Teresina - Piauí State) and four hinterland cities (Crato, Juazeiro do Norte, Barbalha, Sobral - Ceará State) participated in the study. Most CHWs were women (82.42%), with mean age 46.25±8.54 years. Many (39.92%) were infected with COVID-19, of which 70.78% believed they were infected in the workplace. A total of 77.82% defined their role as frontline in the fight against COVID-19, 16.07% reported receiving training for COVID-19, and 13.74% had access to sufficient protective equipment. Most (90.27%) believed their work routines were modified by the pandemic, either strengthening (41.46%) or weakening (44.41%) the team spirit. Home visits (60.55%), health promotion actions in schools (75.66%) and in specific community groups (93.96%), and other on-site community services (66.01%) showed a reduction in frequency. The sampled cities revealed a significant heterogeneity regarding responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly associated with a lack of coordination by the Federal Government. Regardless of context, the pandemic led to a reconfiguration of local health systems, workflows, and primary care protocols for FHS teams. The importance of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) and its potential for reorganization during crisis should be acknowledged while preserving the headway made thus far.

Oral health in childhood: construction and validation of an instrument on knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers. / Saúde bucal na infância: construção e validação de instrumento sobre conhecimento, atitude e prática de cuidadores.

The objective of this article is to develop and validate a KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) instrument for caregivers of children up to 36 months of age monitored by the Family Health Strategy. This methodological study was conducted in three stages: an integrative review, preparation of the initial version, and content validation by 29 judges. The instrument was validated for content and appearance. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and the FINN and Gwe-AC1 coefficients were calculated to assess inter-judge agreement. The overall CVI values of the 39-item instrument were: Clarity (0.91) and Relevance (0.95). The final version was obtained through 19 knowledge, 10 attitude, and 10 practice questions on caries, diet, oral hygiene, fluoride, breastfeeding, artificial feeding, milk teeth, and the need to take the baby to the dentist. The instrument produced can be used because it has the potential for use depending on the more global assessment of its psychometric properties.

O objetivo deste artigo é construir e validar um instrumento do tipo instrumento CAP (conhecimento, atitude e prática) de cuidadores, acompanhados pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, para promoção da saúde bucal de crianças até 36 meses. Estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas: revisão integrativa, elaboração da versão inicial e validação de conteúdo por 29 juízes. O instrumento foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e aparência. Foram calculados o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e os coeficientes FINN e Gwe-AC1 para avaliação da concordância entre juízes. Os valores do IVC global do instrumento de 39 itens foram: IVC (Clareza) igual a 0,91 e IVC (Relevância) igual a 0,95. A versão final foi obtida mediante 19 questões (conhecimento), 10 (atitude) e 10 (prática), envolvendo os temas: cárie, dieta, higiene bucal, flúor, amamentação, bicos artificiais, dentes de leite e necessidade de levar o bebê ao dentista. O instrumento produzido poderá ser utilizado por apresentar potencial de utilização a depender da avaliação mais global de suas propriedades psicométrica.

Mental health of community health workers in the COVID-19 context. / Saúde mental de agentes comunitários de saúde no contexto da COVID-19.

This study aimed to analyze the factors related to the mental health of Community Health Workers (ACS) in the COVID-19 context. A total of 1,935 ACS from four Northeastern capitals and four cities in the inland region of Ceará participated. The following data were collected: sociodemographic; professional; SRQ-20; WHOQOL-Bref, exposure to violence, General Self-Efficacy Scale (EAEG), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), COVID-19-related information, and the coronavirus anxiety scale (EAC). Approximately 40.5% had SRQ > 7, signaling high levels of Common Mental Disorders (CMD)/mental health issues. We adopted the Multiple linear (backward) regression. We observed that the increased risk of CMD was influenced by exposure to violence, EAC, not knowing they had COVID-19, not knowing the variables that reduced the risk, the physical and psychological domains of the WHOQOL-Bref, not having increased working hours, and not having had COVID-19. The data reveal the multidimensional dynamics of mental health and help understand the relationship between community violence, COVID-19, quality of life, age, and ESF working time with the mental health of ACS.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores relacionados à saúde mental dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) no contexto da COVID-19. Participaram 1.935 ACS de quatro capitais nordestinas e de quatro cidades do interior do Ceará. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e profissiográficos; SRQ-20; WHOQOL-Bref; exposição à violência; Escala de Autoeficácia Geral (EAEG); Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido (MSPSS); informações relacionadas à COVID-19 e Escala de Ansiedade para Coronavírus (EAC). 40,5% exibiram SRQ > 7, sinalizando altos níveis de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC)/problemas de saúde mental. Utilizou-se a regressão linear múltiplas (backward). Observou-se que o aumento de risco de TCM foi influenciado pelos seguintes fatores: exposição à violência; EAC; não saber se teve COVID-19; desconhecer as variáveis que diminuíam o risco; os domínios físico e psicológico do WHOQOL-Bref; não ter aumento da jornada de trabalho; e não ter tido COVID-19. Os dados revelam a dinâmica multidimensional da saúde mental e ajudam a compreender a relação entre violência comunitária, COVID-19, qualidade de vida, idade e tempo de atuação na ESF com a saúde mental dos ACS.

Gender and Violence in the Daily Routine of Community Health Workers in Fortaleza, Brazil.

Community Health Workers (CHWs) are the link between the Brazilian primary health care system and the community. Since CHWs live in the same neighborhoods they work, they are involved in what happens in the community, including observants and or potential targets of violence. However, it is not known if female and male CHWs perceive and suffer violence similarly. This study aimed to investigate the violence to which CHWs are exposed and if female CHWs experience and or perceive violence the same way as male CHWs. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from CHWs. Two periods (2019 [n=1402] and 2021 [n=364]) were compared. The data show that more than 80% of CHWs were exposed to violence, either as victims or witnesses within the community they served. In general, while the occurrence of violence towards CHWs decreased, their perception of community violence increased. Over time, the perception of urban/community violence remained constant among male CHWs, but increased among female CHWs, as shown by the significant rise between 2019 and 2021 in the percentage of female CHWs reporting witnessing or hearing about manifestations of violence (e.g., physical aggression; assault; stabbing; lethal gunshot; non-lethal gunshot; and gang violence). Among male CHWs, perception only increased with regard to the item assault. Given the complexity of violence and its repercussions on the daily routines of CHWs, intersectoral and interdisciplinary partnerships between health workers and other stakeholders are needed to create strategies capable of dealing with expressions of violence in the territories served.

Violence in the neighborhood and mental health of community health workers in a Brazilian metropolis.

Violence is a major social problem in Brazil, with severe repercussions on the health care sector. Primary health care professionals, especially community health workers (CHWs), are at high risk of violence at facilities and in the socially vulnerable area where they work. This study analyzed the relationships between adverse working conditions and dimensions of localized violence on the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among CHWs in Fortaleza, a state capital in Northeastern Brazil. Information was collected with a self-report questionnaire containing items on sociodemographic data, work-related violence, psychoemotional signs and symptoms (Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20), mental health care, and absence from work due to general or mental health issues. Based on the responses of 1,437 CHWs, the prevalence of CMD (32.75%) was associated with perceived, witnessed, or suffered violence in the work area. In the hierarchical analysis, CMD were associated with age, sex, religious identity, years of experience as a CHW with the Family Health Strategy (FHS), work neighborhood, activities in the community, considering the lack of bonding with families as an obstacle, having suffered domestic violence, use of medication for emotional dysregulation, identifying the neighborhood as violent, considering violence a physical or mental health determinant, and identifying impunity as a cause of violence. Thus, the work and mental health of CHWs were significantly affected by violence dimensions. Our findings are relevant to the adoption of strategies to mitigate the effects of violence on the work and mental health of CHWs.

Community health workers perspective on the COVID-19 impact on primary health care in Northeastern Brazil / Perspectiva dos agentes comunitários de saúde sobre o impacto da COVID-19 na atenção primária à saúde no Nordeste do Brasil / Perspectiva de los agentes comunitarios de la salud sobre el impacto de pandemia de COVID-19 en la atención primaria a la salud en el Nordeste de Brasil

Abstract: This article evaluates the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on the Family Health Strategy (FHS) team's work routines across a range of northeast Brazilian cities as perceived by community health workers (CHW). Data on COVID-19, CHW activities, and FHS teams were collected in 2021 by a structured questionnaire. A total of 1,935 CHWs from four state capitals (Fortaleza - Ceará State, João Pessoa - Paraíba State, Recife - Pernambuco State, Teresina - Piauí State) and four hinterland cities (Crato, Juazeiro do Norte, Barbalha, Sobral - Ceará State) participated in the study. Most CHWs were women (82.42%), with mean age 46.25±8.54 years. Many (39.92%) were infected with COVID-19, of which 70.78% believed they were infected in the workplace. A total of 77.82% defined their role as frontline in the fight against COVID-19, 16.07% reported receiving training for COVID-19, and 13.74% had access to sufficient protective equipment. Most (90.27%) believed their work routines were modified by the pandemic, either strengthening (41.46%) or weakening (44.41%) the team spirit. Home visits (60.55%), health promotion actions in schools (75.66%) and in specific community groups (93.96%), and other on-site community services (66.01%) showed a reduction in frequency. The sampled cities revealed a significant heterogeneity regarding responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly associated with a lack of coordination by the Federal Government. Regardless of context, the pandemic led to a reconfiguration of local health systems, workflows, and primary care protocols for FHS teams. The importance of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) and its potential for reorganization during crisis should be acknowledged while preserving the headway made thus far.

Resumo: Este artigo avalia as repercussões da pandemia da COVID-19 no cotidiano de trabalho da equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em diversos municípios do Nordeste brasileiro, na perspectiva dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS). Um questionário estruturado foi utilizado para coletar informações sobre a COVID-19, atividades dos ACS e equipes da ESF em 2021. Participaram 1.935 ACS de quatro capitais (Fortaleza - Ceará, João Pessoa - Paraíba, Recife - Pernambuco e Teresina - Piauí) e quatro cidades do interior (Crato, Juazeiro do Norte, Barbalha e Sobral, Ceará). A idade média dos ACS era de 46,25±8,54 anos, sendo a maioria mulheres (82,42%). Muitos (39,92%) estavam infectados com COVID-19, dos quais 70,78% acreditavam ter sido infectados no ambiente de trabalho. Ao todo, 77,82% definiam seu papel como linha de frente no combate à COVID-19, 16,07% relataram receber treinamento para a COVID-19 e 13,74% tinham acesso a equipamentos de proteção suficientes contra a COVID-19. A maioria (90,27%) acredita que suas rotinas de trabalho foram modificadas pela pandemia, fortalecendo o espírito de equipe (41,46%) ou enfraquecendo-o (44,41%). Houve uma redução na promoção da saúde nas escolas (75,66%) e na frequência de visitas domiciliares (60,55%), de grupos específicos na comunidade (93,96%) e outros serviços comunitários locais (66,01%). Nos municípios avaliados, observou-se uma heterogeneidade significativa em relação à resposta à pandemia de COVID-19, possivelmente associada à falta de coordenação do Governo Federal. A pandemia levou a uma reconfiguração dos sistemas locais de saúde, fluxos de trabalho e protocolos de atenção primária para as equipes da ESF. A importância do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e seu potencial de reorganização durante as crises devem ser reconhecidos, preservando-se os avanços alcançados até o momento.

Resumen: Este artículo evalúa las repercusiones de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el trabajo cotidiano del equipo de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) en diversos municipios del Nordeste brasileño, desde la perspectiva de los agentes comunitarios de salud (ACS). Se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado para recopilar información sobre COVID-19, actividades de los ACS y equipos de la ESF en el 2021. Participaron 1.935 ACS de cuatro capitales (Fortaleza - Ceará, João Pessoa - Paraíba, Recife - Pernambuco y Teresina - Piauí) y cuatro ciudades del interior (Crato, Juazeiro do Norte, Barbalha y Sobral - Ceará). La edad media de los ACS era de 46,25±8,54 años, y la mayoría eran mujeres (82,42%). Muchos (39,92%) estaban infectados con COVID-19, de los cuales el 70,78% creía haberse contagiado en el entorno laboral. En total, el 77,82% definió su papel como línea de frente en el combate a la COVID-19, el 16,07% informó haber recibido capacitación para la COVID-19 y el 13,74% tuvo acceso a equipos de protección suficiente contra la COVID-19. La mayoría (90,27%) cree que sus rutinas de trabajo se vieron modificadas por la pandemia, fortaleciendo el espíritu de equipo (41,46%) o debilitándolo (44,41%). Hubo una reducción en la promoción de la salud en las escuelas (75,66%) y en la frecuencia de las visitas domiciliarias (60,55%), de grupos específicos en la comunidad (93,96%) y otros servicios comunitarios locales (66,01%). En los municipios analizados, se observó una heterogeneidad significativa con relación a la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19, posiblemente asociada a la falta de coordinación del Gobierno Federal. La pandemia condujo a una reconfiguración de los sistemas locales de salud, los flujos de trabajo y los protocolos de atención primaria para los equipos de la ESF. Se debe reconocer la importancia del Sistema Único de Salud y (SUS) su capacidad de reorganización durante las crisis, preservando los avances logrados hasta el momento.

Saúde mental de agentes comunitários de saúde no contexto da COVID-19 / Mental health of community health workers in the COVID-19 context

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores relacionados à saúde mental dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) no contexto da COVID-19. Participaram 1.935 ACS de quatro capitais nordestinas e de quatro cidades do interior do Ceará. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e profissiográficos; SRQ-20; WHOQOL-Bref; exposição à violência; Escala de Autoeficácia Geral (EAEG); Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido (MSPSS); informações relacionadas à COVID-19 e Escala de Ansiedade para Coronavírus (EAC). 40,5% exibiram SRQ > 7, sinalizando altos níveis de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC)/problemas de saúde mental. Utilizou-se a regressão linear múltiplas (backward). Observou-se que o aumento de risco de TCM foi influenciado pelos seguintes fatores: exposição à violência; EAC; não saber se teve COVID-19; desconhecer as variáveis que diminuíam o risco; os domínios físico e psicológico do WHOQOL-Bref; não ter aumento da jornada de trabalho; e não ter tido COVID-19. Os dados revelam a dinâmica multidimensional da saúde mental e ajudam a compreender a relação entre violência comunitária, COVID-19, qualidade de vida, idade e tempo de atuação na ESF com a saúde mental dos ACS.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the factors related to the mental health of Community Health Workers (ACS) in the COVID-19 context. A total of 1,935 ACS from four Northeastern capitals and four cities in the inland region of Ceará participated. The following data were collected: sociodemographic; professional; SRQ-20; WHOQOL-Bref, exposure to violence, General Self-Efficacy Scale (EAEG), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), COVID-19-related information, and the coronavirus anxiety scale (EAC). Approximately 40.5% had SRQ > 7, signaling high levels of Common Mental Disorders (CMD)/mental health issues. We adopted the Multiple linear (backward) regression. We observed that the increased risk of CMD was influenced by exposure to violence, EAC, not knowing they had COVID-19, not knowing the variables that reduced the risk, the physical and psychological domains of the WHOQOL-Bref, not having increased working hours, and not having had COVID-19. The data reveal the multidimensional dynamics of mental health and help understand the relationship between community violence, COVID-19, quality of life, age, and ESF working time with the mental health of ACS.

Saúde bucal na infância: construção e validação de instrumento sobre conhecimento, atitude e prática de cuidadores / Oral health in childhood: construction and validation of an instrument on knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é construir e validar um instrumento do tipo instrumento CAP (conhecimento, atitude e prática) de cuidadores, acompanhados pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, para promoção da saúde bucal de crianças até 36 meses. Estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas: revisão integrativa, elaboração da versão inicial e validação de conteúdo por 29 juízes. O instrumento foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e aparência. Foram calculados o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e os coeficientes FINN e Gwe-AC1 para avaliação da concordância entre juízes. Os valores do IVC global do instrumento de 39 itens foram: IVC (Clareza) igual a 0,91 e IVC (Relevância) igual a 0,95. A versão final foi obtida mediante 19 questões (conhecimento), 10 (atitude) e 10 (prática), envolvendo os temas: cárie, dieta, higiene bucal, flúor, amamentação, bicos artificiais, dentes de leite e necessidade de levar o bebê ao dentista. O instrumento produzido poderá ser utilizado por apresentar potencial de utilização a depender da avaliação mais global de suas propriedades psicométrica.

Abstract The objective of this article is to develop and validate a KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) instrument for caregivers of children up to 36 months of age monitored by the Family Health Strategy. This methodological study was conducted in three stages: an integrative review, preparation of the initial version, and content validation by 29 judges. The instrument was validated for content and appearance. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and the FINN and Gwe-AC1 coefficients were calculated to assess inter-judge agreement. The overall CVI values of the 39-item instrument were: Clarity (0.91) and Relevance (0.95). The final version was obtained through 19 knowledge, 10 attitude, and 10 practice questions on caries, diet, oral hygiene, fluoride, breastfeeding, artificial feeding, milk teeth, and the need to take the baby to the dentist. The instrument produced can be used because it has the potential for use depending on the more global assessment of its psychometric properties.

Violence in the neighborhood and mental health of community health workers in a Brazilian metropolis / Violência no território e saúde mental de agentes comunitários de saúde em uma metrópole brasileira / Violencia en el territorio y salud mental de agentes comunitarios de salud en una metrópoli brasileña

Violence is a major social problem in Brazil, with severe repercussions on the health care sector. Primary health care professionals, especially community health workers (CHWs), are at high risk of violence at facilities and in the socially vulnerable area where they work. This study analyzed the relationships between adverse working conditions and dimensions of localized violence on the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among CHWs in Fortaleza, a state capital in Northeastern Brazil. Information was collected with a self-report questionnaire containing items on sociodemographic data, work-related violence, psychoemotional signs and symptoms (Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20), mental health care, and absence from work due to general or mental health issues. Based on the responses of 1,437 CHWs, the prevalence of CMD (32.75%) was associated with perceived, witnessed, or suffered violence in the work area. In the hierarchical analysis, CMD were associated with age, sex, religious identity, years of experience as a CHW with the Family Health Strategy (FHS), work neighborhood, activities in the community, considering the lack of bonding with families as an obstacle, having suffered domestic violence, use of medication for emotional dysregulation, identifying the neighborhood as violent, considering violence a physical or mental health determinant, and identifying impunity as a cause of violence. Thus, the work and mental health of CHWs were significantly affected by violence dimensions. Our findings are relevant to the adoption of strategies to mitigate the effects of violence on the work and mental health of CHWs.

A violência é um grande problema social no Brasil, com graves repercussões no setor de saúde. Profissionais da atenção primária à saúde, principalmente os agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS), apresentam alto risco de violência nas instalações e na área de vulnerabilidade social onde atuam. Este estudo analisou as relações entre condições adversas de trabalho e as dimensões da violência no território na prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) entre ACS de Fortaleza, uma capital do Nordeste do Brasil. As informações foram coletadas por meio de um questionário de autorrelato (Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20) com itens sobre dados sociodemográficos, violência relacionada ao trabalho, sinais e sintomas psicoemocionais, cuidados em saúde mental e ausência ao trabalho por problemas gerais ou de saúde mental. Com base nas respostas de 1.437 ACS, a prevalência de TMC (32,75%) foi associada à violência percebida, testemunhada ou sofrida na área de trabalho. Na análise hierárquica, os TMC estavam associados a idade, sexo, identidade religiosa, anos de experiência como ACS na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), bairro onde trabalha, atividades na comunidade, considerando a falta de vínculo com as famílias como obstáculo, ter sofrido violência doméstica, uso de medicação para desregulação emocional, identificar o bairro como violento, considerar violência um determinante da saúde física ou mental e identificar a impunidade como causa de violência. Assim, o trabalho e a saúde mental dos ACS foram significativamente afetados pelas dimensões da violência. Nossos achados são relevantes para a adoção de estratégias para mitigar os efeitos da violência no trabalho e na saúde mental dos ACS.

La violencia es un problema social importante en Brasil, con graves impactos en el sector de la salud. Los profesionales de la atención primaria de salud, en especial los agentes comunitarios de salud (ACS), se encuentran en alto riesgo de violencia en los establecimientos y en el área de vulnerabilidad social donde actúan. Este estudio analizó la relación entre las condiciones laborales adversas y las dimensiones de la violencia localizada en la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales comunes (TMC) entre los ACS de Fortaleza, una capital en la Región Nordeste de Brasil. Para recabar la información, se aplicó un cuestionario de autoinforme (Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20) que constaba de ítems sobre datos sociodemográficos, violencia laboral, signos y síntomas psicoemocionales, cuidados en salud mental y ausencia al trabajo por problemas generales o de salud mental. De las respuestas de 1.437 ACS, se constató que la prevalencia de TMC (32,75%) estuvo asociada con la violencia percibida, que se presenció o sufrió en el lugar de trabajo. En el análisis jerárquico, los TMC se asociaron con la edad, el sexo, la identidad religiosa, los años de experiencia como ACS en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar (ESF), el barrio donde actúan, las actividades en la comunidad, considerando como obstáculo la falta de vínculo con las familias, haber sufrido violencia intrafamiliar, uso de medicamentos para la desregulación emocional, la identificación del barrio como violento, considerar la violencia como determinante de la salud física o mental e identificar la impunidad como causa de la violencia. Por lo tanto, el trabajo y la salud mental de los ACS se vieron significativamente afectados por las dimensiones de la violencia. Estos hallazgos son relevantes para aplicar estrategias de mitigación de los efectos de la violencia en el trabajo y en la salud mental de los ACS.

Planejamento estratégico de um programa de pós-graduação em rede: experiência de construção coletiva / Strategic planning of a network-based graduate health program: an experience of participatory planning / Planificación estratégica de un programa de posgrado en red: experiencia de construcción colectiva

Trata-se do relato da elaboração do plano estratégico 2021-2024 do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Família da Rede Nordeste de Formação em Saúde da Família. Desenvolvido em 2020, o plano visa ao fortalecimento do programa a partir do trabalho coletivo, que valoriza o conjunto e as especificidades. Três perguntas orientaram esta sistematização: Em que contexto aconteceu a experiência? Como se deu o percurso metodológico dos sujeitos, em rede formativa, fazendo o caminho ao caminhar? Como as três partes fundamentais de um plano são interligadas formando um todo? As narrativas expressam uma experiência participativa de planejamento. Esse caminho mobilizou a rede para uma ação educativa e estratégica, tornando vivos o respeito, a diversidade cultural e a cooperação. Considera-se o percurso efetivo, resultando em um documento que orientará o programa no quadriênio.(AU)

This article provides an account of the elaboration of the 2021-2024 strategic plan of the Graduate Program in Family Health offered by the Northeast Family Health Education Network. Developed in 2020, the plan aims to strengthen the Program by promoting collective working that emphasizes a holistic approach and specificities. The study was guided by three key questions: In what context did the experience take place? What was the methodological path taken by the subjects in the training network built as they went along? How are the three fundamental parts of a plan linked together to form a whole? The narratives express a participatory planning experience. This pathway mobilized the network around an educational and strategic action, bringing respect, cultural diversity and cooperation to life. The findings show that the pathway was effective, resulting in a guiding document for the program for the four-year period.(AU)

Es el relato de la elaboración del plan estratégico 2021-2024 del Programa de Posgrado en Salud de la Familia de la Red Nordeste de Formación en Salud de la Familia. Desarrollado en 2020, el plan tiene el objetivo de fortalecer el Programa a partir del trabajo colectivo, que valoriza el conjunto y las especificidades. Tres preguntas orientaron esta sistematización: ¿En qué contexto sucedió la experiencia? ¿Cómo se realizó la jornada metodológica de los sujetos, en red formativa, haciendo camino al andar? ¿Cómo las tres partes fundamentales de un plan se interconectan formando un todo? Las narrativas expresan una experiencia participativa de planificación. Ese camino movilizó la red hacia una acción educativa y estratégica, dando vida al respeto, la diversidad cultural y la cooperación. Se considera la jornada efectiva, resultado en un documento que orientará el Programa en el cuadrienio.(AU)

Medical hiring formats in the Family Health Strategy and the performance of their core attributes. / Formatos de contratação médica na Estratégia Saúde da Família e o desempenho de seus atributos essenciais.

The study aimed to investigate the perception of doctors about the different hiring methods and their influence on the performance of the PHC essential attributes to analyze the formats that best contribute to its implementation and strengthening. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional research using a semi-structured form with 268 doctors from the ESF in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A unique sociodemographic profile was identified for each group evaluated, influencing the work process and opinions about hiring formats. The development of the essential PHC attributes was positively evaluated, but different perceptions were observed by professional hiring method assessed. The work performed by doctors in the ESF is influenced by how they are hired (p<0.001). Better performance of the statutory (4.4) was noted, followed by scholarship holders of the Mais Médicos Program/Primary Care Valorization Program (3.7), Consolidated Labor Laws (3.5), and, finally, those working with Self-Employed Payment Receipt (RPA) (2.4). We analyzed that hiring through the Brazilian Statutory Regime and RPA are, respectively, the best (85%) and the worst (96.6%) hiring formats.

O estudo tem o objetivo de investigar a percepção dos médicos sobre as diversas formas de contratação e sua influência sobre o desempenho dos atributos essenciais da APS, afim de analisar as formas de vínculo que melhor contribuem à sua implantação e fortalecimento. Pesquisa quantitativa e transversal, utilizando-se da aplicação de formulário semiestruturado junto a 268 médicos da ESF de Fortaleza, Ceará. Verificou-se perfil sociodemográfico singular para cada grupo avaliado, que podem influenciar o processo de trabalho e opiniões sobre as formas de contratação. O desenvolvimento dos atributos essenciais da APS foi avaliado positivamente, mas houve diferença nesta percepção de acordo com o vínculo avaliado. O trabalho realizado pelos médicos na ESF é influenciado pela forma de contratação destes (p<0,001). Percebeu-se melhor desempenho dos estatutários (4,4), seguidos dos bolsistas do Programa Mais Médicos/Programa de Valorização da Atenção Básica (3,7), Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (3,5) e, por último, os atuantes por Recibo de Pagamento Autônomo-RPA (2,4). Analisou-se que a contratação via Regime Estatutário e RPA, são, respectivamente, a melhor (85%) e a pior (96,6%) forma de contratação.

Family Health Postgraduate Program in the Brazilian northeast: repercussions in the professional exercise of postgraduates. / Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Família no nordeste brasileiro: repercussões no exercício profissional dos egressos.

Brazilian postgraduate education has grown in recent years, but there is a knowledge gap regarding whether the course's planned educational objective is being achieved. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of the Postgraduate Program in Family Health for the postgraduates' professional practice. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 225 postgraduates from October 2019 to July 2020. Data were collected by an online questionnaire containing different sociodemographic and educational variables and competencies developed in the master's degree program and identifying the domains of Health Promotion Competencies. Most of the participants were female (78.2%), nurses (58.2%), public servants (64%), and SUS workers (93.3%). Two hundred and twenty-two (98.7%) postgraduates' final paper theme built on a practice-related issue. A high mean score was observed for all competencies analyzed. The mean scores for domains in Health Promotion competencies were high. We can conclude that the postgraduate program has contributed satisfactorily to the formation of critical, active masters, with competencies developed and being realized in professional practice.

A pós-graduação no Brasil tem crescido nos últimos anos, porém há uma lacuna do conhecimento em saber se o objetivo formativo planejado do curso está sendo alcançado. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar a contribuição do Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Família, no exercício profissional de seus egressos. Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado nos meses de outubro de 2019 a julho de 2020, com 225 egressos. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário on-line contendo distintas variáveis sociodemográficas e de formação, além de competências desenvolvidas no mestrado e identificação dos domínios das Competências de Promoção da Saúde. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (78,2%), enfermeiros (58,2), concursados (64%) e trabalhadores do SUS (93,3). Notou-se que 222 (98,7%) egressos tiveram a temática do trabalho de conclusão oriunda de uma questão relacionada à prática. Observou-se média elevada nos escores para todas as competências avaliadas. Foram elevados os escores médios dos domínios de Competências de Promoção da Saúde. Conclui-se que o programa de pós-graduação tem contribuído de forma satisfatória na formação de mestres críticos, atuantes, com competências desenvolvidas e sendo realizadas na prática profissional.

Planning and support in the work process of PHC teams in the Northeast: analysis of the PMAQ-AB (3rd cycle). / Planejamento e apoio no processo de trabalho das equipes de atenção básica no Nordeste: análise do PMAQ-AB (3º ciclo).

This paper aims to describe the indicators related to planning and support in the work process reported by the Family Health Teams, from the 3rd cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) in the Brazilian Northeast. This cross-sectional study employed secondary data from the external evaluation of the 3rd cycle of the PMAQ-AB. Sixteen indicators were used to ascertain the teams' work process actions, and 14,489 family health teams that adhered to the program were evaluated. Among the indicators assessed, we found that the teams held a meeting and planned actions and self-evaluated, monitored, and analyzed health indicators to reorganize the work process, highlighting the determining and conditioning factors. Health surveillance and the Extended Family Health Center (NASF) stand out in the indicators of institutional support and multidisciplinary support for solving complex cases. We identified improvements in the work process of the teams in the Northeast region, but the reality of fragmented and vertical work still requires a change to promote an outlook of shared teamwork, directly influencing the work process.

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os indicadores referentes ao planejamento e apoio no processo de trabalho reportados pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família, a partir do 3º ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) na região Nordeste do Brasil. Estudo transversal, utilizando dados secundários da avaliação externa do 3º ciclo do PMAQ-AB. Dezesseis indicadores foram utilizados para averiguar as ações do processo de trabalho das equipes. Avaliaram-se 14.489 equipes de saúde da família que aderiram ao programa. Dentre os indicadores avaliados, verificou-se que as equipes realizaram reunião e planejamento das ações, autoavaliação, monitoramento e análise dos indicadores de saúde para reorganização do processo de trabalho, evidenciando os fatores determinantes e condicionantes. Nos indicadores de apoio institucional e apoio matricial para resolução de casos complexos, destacam-se a vigilância em saúde e o Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF). Identificou-se que ocorreram melhorias no processo de trabalho das equipes na região Nordeste, porém, ainda precisa mudar a realidade de trabalho fragmentada e verticalizada, favorecendo um panorama de trabalho em equipe e compartilhado, influenciando diretamente no processo de trabalho.

[Quality of primary care for child health in states in the Northeast region]. / Qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde infantil em estados da região Nordeste.

The scope of this article is to compare the assessment of users of health services who participated in the PMAQ-AB on child health in the states of the Brazilian Northeast. It is a cross-sectional study conducted with secondary data based on interviews with 5,116 users of 4,190 Family Health Teams in the nine states of the Northeast macroregion. Fourteen questions on the medical monitoring of children from 0 to 2 years old were evaluated. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each Unit of the Federation of the Brazilian Northeast. The indicators with the highest proportions were the Guthrie PKU test performed within seven days of life (84.4%), children always accompanied by the same professionals (79.1%), monitoring expected growth and development for age (84.9%), dietary guidance (86.3%) and up-to-date vaccination (95.3%). The indicators with the lowest proportions were guidance on the best position for the child to sleep in (45.7%) and whether or not the child's health handbook (46.9%) was received. In all indicators, there were significant differences between the states analyzed. There are differences in the quality of child health care on offer according to the evaluation of users participating in the PMAQ-AB between states in the Northeast.

O objetivo deste artigo é comparar a avaliação das usuárias que participaram do PMAQ-AB acerca da saúde infantil entre os estados da macrorregião Nordeste do Brasil. Estudo transversal, realizado com dados secundários, a partir de entrevista com 5.116 usuárias de 4.190 Equipes de Saúde da Família que atuam nos nove estados da macrorregião nordeste. Quatorze perguntas acerca do acompanhamento da criança de 0 a 2 anos de idade foram avaliadas. Foram calculados proporções e intervalos de confiança de 95% segundo Unidade da Federação da região Nordeste do Brasil. Os indicadores com maiores proporções foram teste do pezinho realizado em até sete dias de vida (84,4%), criança sempre consultada pelos mesmos profissionais (79,1%), acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento esperado para a idade (84,9%), orientação alimentar (86,3%), vacinação em dia (95,3%). Os indicadores com as menores proporções foram orientação sobre a melhor posição para a criança dormir (45,7%) e se recebeu a caderneta de saúde da criança (46,9%). Em todos os indicadores, houve diferenças significativas entre os estados analisados. Existem divergências na qualidade do cuidado ofertado à saúde infantil segundo a avaliação das usuárias participantes do PMAQ-AB entre estados do Nordeste.

Satisfação e acesso à saúde bucal das pessoas que vivem com HIV/Aids no nordeste brasileiro / Access to and satisfaction with oral health care among persons with HIV/Aids in Northeastern Brazil

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar, na perspectiva das Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/Aids (PVHA), uso e satisfação com os serviços públicos de saúde bucal no Sistema Único de Saúde em Fortaleza (CE). Aplicaram-se questionários estruturados sobre perfil socioeconômico, uso e satisfação dos serviços públicos de saúde bucal para 241 PVHA que frequentam 8 Serviços de Assistência Especializada em HIV/Aids. A idade média dos usuários foi de 37,8 ± 9,6 anos; 161 (68,3%) do sexo masculino; com ensino médio completo (n=79; 32,8%); 59 (24,5%) ganham até 1 salário mínimo (US$ 255). Apenas 155 (64,3%) foram ao dentista nos dois anos anteriores. Destes, 68 (28,2%) frequentavam serviços públicos, 31 (45,6%) dos quais não completaram o tratamento por falta de materiais/equipamentos defeituosos/reformas nas unidades de saúde. A nota média atribuída pelo paciente ao atendimento dos profissionais foi 7,6 (±2,5), 50 (73,6%) declararam-se muito satisfeitos/satisfeitos. Quanto ao atendimento humanizado, 59 (86,7%) estavam muito satisfeitos/satisfeitos. Pacientes encaminhados pelo Serviços de Assistência Especializada em HIV/Aids e os que residem perto das unidades de saúde tiveram probabilidade significativamente maior de usar os serviços públicos. Apesar do uso limitado dos serviços públicos de saúde bucal, principalmente devido ao acesso insuficiente e aos procedimentos ineficazes de agendamento, os serviços usados pelos entrevistados foram avaliados satisfatoriamente.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate, from the perspective of People Living with HIV/Aids (PLWHA), the use of and satisfaction with public oral health services within the Unified Health System (SUS) in Fortaleza (Northeastern Brazil). Structured questionnaires on socioeconomic profile and public oral health service use and satisfaction were administered to 241 PLWHA attending eight Specialized Healthcare Services (SAE) in HIV/Aids. The mean age was 37.8 ± 9.6 years, 161 (68.3%) were male, 79 (32.8%) had completed high school, and 59 (24.5%) reported earning ≤1 minimum wage (USD 225). Only 155 (64.3%) had been to the dentist in the preceding 2 years. Of these, 68 (28.2%) attended public services, but nearly half (45.6%) did not complete treatment due to lack of supplies, malfunctioning equipment or ongoing repair of facilities. On average, the service was graded 7.6 ± 2.5, and 50 PLWHA (73.6%) reported being satisfied/very satisfied. As for humanized care, 86.7% were satisfied/very satisfied. Patients referred by SAE or residing near the facility were significantly more likely to use public services. Despite the limited use of public oral health services, mainly due to insufficient access and ineffective appointment scheduling and referral procedures, the services were mostly graded as satisfactory.